For many people gambling is a fun and social activity. But for some it can become a problem that negatively affects their health, family and work life. This article explores the nature of gambling, its effects on the brain and body and what can be done if someone you know has a problem with it.
Gambling is the wagering of something of value on a random event, where instances of strategy are discounted. It is an extremely common activity, with a global estimated value of $335 billion in 2009. In the United States, the most popular form of gambling is playing lottery games or buying online tickets to sports events. It is also possible to gamble using other materials with a monetary value such as marbles, collectible cards or pogs (small discs used in the game Magic: The Gathering).
A number of psychological theories have been put forward to explain why gambling is addictive. One is that it stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with reward and pleasure. Another theory suggests that people who engage in gambling may be predisposed to sensation- and novelty-seeking behaviours. Other dimensions of impulse control such as arousal, negative emotionality and behavioral disinhibition have also been linked to impulsiveness and gambling.
Problem gambling is a serious issue that can lead to a variety of problems for the individual and their family, including mental and physical health issues, relationship difficulties, work performance and financial difficulties. It can even be a cause of homelessness. Often, the person with a gambling problem does not realise they have a problem and thinks it is just part of their normal life.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists defines problem gambling as “any form of gambling which causes harm to the person involved, their families or others”. It is not just about how much money is lost or won, but about the impact the gambling is having on an individual’s life.
Many people who have a problem with gambling do not seek help because they feel it is not a real illness or that there are no medications available to treat it. In addition, cultural beliefs about gambling can make it hard for people to recognise that their activity has become problematic. For example, some cultures consider gambling to be an honourable pastime and it can be difficult for people to recognise that they are putting themselves at risk by continuing to gamble.
Problem gambling can occur in people of all ages and is a significant problem in the United States and worldwide. In addition to the negative effects on individuals, it can damage their families and communities and have a detrimental effect on society as a whole. The good news is that there are effective treatments and support services for problem gambling. These can be accessed through the NHS, local community organisations and private charities. A good place to start is to visit the Brain Connections website where there is a range of information and resources.